Chronicles of Precision Medical Researchers

Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy

2025-03-25T14:42:08+03:00

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy was first described by Gitlin and Janeway in 1956. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy is a primary immunodeficiency defined as an immunoglobulin deficiency not accompanied by a B cell defect characterized by prolongation of physiological immunoglobulin deficiency. Immunoglobulins may be low in IgA and IgM levels in addition to low IgG levels. It develops after the age of six months as a result of a decrease in IgG antibodies passed to the child through the placenta and insufficient IgG production by the infant. In these cases, IgG levels remain as low as 2 standard deviations in young infants after 6 months of age. Clinically, it can present with very different conditions. It can be completely asymptomatic or present with recurrent infections. Patients with severe disease may be affected by opportunistic infections, atopy or autoimmunity and may have a more complex course, but by definition the disorder must resolve completely. The prognosis of transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy depends on the severity of immunodeficiency. In those with symptomatic or mild disease, the prognosis is good and there is no significant morbidity. A small number of patients may present with a condition similar to X-linked agammaglobulinemia and may require lifelong treatment with antimicrobials and intravenous immunoglobulin.

PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION WITH IMPLANTS FOR A PATIENT USING AN OBTURATOR PROSTHESIS AFTER HEMIMAXILLECTOMY FOR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

2025-03-21T09:36:42+03:00

Hemimaxillectomy involves the removal of part of the maxilla, which can lead to complications such as speechdifficulties and asymmetry in facial appearance. The inclusion of implants in rehabilitation significantly improves the stability and retention of prosthetic devices, facilitating improved functionality. This article discusses important aspects of rehabilitation with an implant-supported obturator prosthesis in a patient who had previously undergone hemimaxillectomy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Diffuse Thyroid Lipomatosis: 2 Case Reports

2025-03-25T22:41:13+03:00

Diffuse thyroid lipomatosis is a rare entity characterized by infiltration of the thyroid gland by mature adipose tissue causing a marked increase in thyroid size. The pathogenesis is unclear. The presence of mature adipose tissue in the thyroid gland parenchyma is not expected. In this article, we report two cases of Diffuse Thyroid Lipomatosis. The patients were female and aged 68 and 54 years, respectively. Both patients presented with cervical swelling and ultrasound revealed enlarged thyroid gland in both patients. Microscopically, mature adipose tissue with diffuse infiltration between thyroid follicle cells was seen in both patients.

Key Words: Thyroid, Adipose tissue, Lipomatosis

Çocuk Hastalarda Kan Kültürü ile Tespit Edilen Patojenlerde Antibiyotik Direnci ve Mikroorganizma Dağılımı

2025-01-14T14:59:33+03:00

Aim and Background: The incidence of bacteremia caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is increasing worldwide. Identifying the causative agents of these infections and initiating appropriate antibiotic therapy early are crucial. This study aims to contribute to the determination of the etiology of bacteremia and sepsis and to guide the development of effective treatment strategies based on the collected data.

Materials and Methods: Patients with positive blood culture results between 2010 and 2021 in a university hospital were analyzed in terms of pathogen diversity and antibiotic resistance. Blood culture data, including patient information, bacterial isolates, and antibiograms, were electronically retrieved from hospital records. Patients' age, sex, and CRP levels were recorded. Categorical variables were presented as counts and percentages.

Results: Of the 4711 blood cultures obtained from the Pediatric Clinic, 736 (15.6%) showed bacterial growth. The mean age of patients with positive cultures was 11.11 ± 5.24 years, and 50.82% were female. The mean CRP level in the study group was 48.48 ± 59.76, with higher levels observed in Gram-negative infections (p < 0.001). The most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis (41.04%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (4.48%). Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 87.91% of isolates, fungi for 1.09%, and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) for 11.00%. Among GNBs, Enterobacter accounted for 3.67%, Salmonella for 2.17%, and Klebsiella for 0.54%. Methicillin resistance was detected in 18.8% of S. aureus isolates and in 85.0% of S. epidermidis isolates. No third-generation cephalosporin (TGC) resistance was found in Salmonella isolates. For Klebsiella, TGC resistance was 100%, while carbapenem resistance was 7.1%. In Acinetobacter species, amikacin resistance was 46.7%, meropenem resistance was 37.5%, and TGC resistance was 16.7%.

Conclusion: Gram-positive bacteremia was common, with a high rate of methicillin resistance. While third-generation cephalosporin could be excluded as treatment options for Klebsiella, sensitivity to these antibiotics persists in Salmonella infections. Empirical antibiotic selection for bacteremia may vary depending on clinical settings.

Assessing the Quality and Reliability of YouTube Videos as a Source of Information for Chronic Neck Pain Exercises

2025-01-24T00:30:32+03:00

Aim: This study aims to assess the quality and reliability of YouTube videos as an exercise source for chronic neck pain.

Material and Method: On April 8, 2024, YouTube was searched with the Turkish terms "neck pain exercises", "neck pain rehabilitation", and "neck pain physical therapy." The videos' upload dates, lengths, views, daily views, likes, daily likes, comments, and daily comments were recorded. Videos were also categorized based on the creators' knowledge and professions. Reliability was assessed using the modified DISCERN scale, and quality was evaluated using the Global Quality Scale (GQS). Videos were categorized as low, medium, or high quality according to their GQS scores.

Results: Of the 50 videos evaluated, 24% were high quality, 34% were medium quality, and 42% were low quality. Among videos prepared by physicians, 75% were of medium or high quality, compared to 69.7% for academics and 72% for non-physician healthcare personnel. No high-quality videos were uploaded by individual users or yoga/sports/pilates instructors. High-quality videos had significantly higher DISCERN scores, views, daily views, likes, daily likes, comments, and daily comments compared to lower-quality videos (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The quality of YouTube videos as an exercise source for chronic neck pain is insufficient. Patients and users should be directed to reliable sources, and healthcare professionals must take responsibility for creating high-quality content.

Effects of Exercise and Weight Loss Diet and Lifestyle Change on Anthropometric Measurements, Family Dynamics and Quality of Life

2025-03-07T01:44:59+03:00

Abstract

Objective: To examine the effects of exercise and weight loss diet on physical health, psychosocial well-being, and family dynamics.

Materials and Methods: Two married couples participating in the study were followed up for 12 weeks with a personalized diet and exercise program. Participants' compliance with the diet and exercise program was evaluated by the dietitian during individual sessions. Liver steatosis was examined by magnetic resonance imaging. Quality of life was assessed using a form prepared by the researchers.

Results: Significant decreases in body weight (p<0.05) and body mass index (p<0.05) were found. In addition, there was a statistically significant improvement in the waist/hip ratio (p<0.05), which is an indicator of central adiposity. When biochemical findings were analyzed, decreases in triglyceride (p>0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p>0.05) levels were observed, and these changes were evaluated as positive in terms of cardiovascular health in obesity management. Decreases in alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels indicate the effect of body weight loss on liver health. A significant increase in 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels was observed, which was thought to be associated with increased sun exposure through walking exercise. Reductions in parameters related to liver steatosis were noted but did not reach statistical significance. While the degree of steatosis decreased, the steatosis stage decreased (p>0.05). Participants emphasized the importance of support mechanisms in the body weight control process and expressed positive opinions about the sustainability of exercise and nutrition programs.

Conclusion: Exercise and dietary interventions have been shown to have a comprehensive impact on both physical and psychosocial health of individuals, and their long-term effects on family dynamics and quality of life should be evaluated.

Keywords: Obesity, Exercise, Nutrition, Quality of Life.